2017/07/15
Drought in southern Europe threatens to reduce cereal production in Italy and parts of Spain to its lowest level in at least 20 years, and hit other regional crops including olives and almonds.
（中略）
While the EU is collectively a major wheat exporter, Spain and Italy both rely on imports from countries including France, Britain and Ukraine.
Spanish soft wheat imports are expected to rise by more than 40 percent to 5.6 million tonnes in the 2017-2018 marketing year, according to Agroinfomarket.
The drought has helped support EU wheat futures, which have risen around 6 percent since the beginning of June, although the prospect of a larger harvest in France this year should ensure adequate overall supplies in the trading bloc.
（中略）
Other crops have been damaged, and Italy’s agricultural association Coldiretti has estimated the drought could cost the nation’s farmers more than 1 billion euros.
“The drought is affecting, to a greater or lesser extent, all crops in Spain, even those that rely on greenhouses, because there’s a limit on the amount of water available,” said Jose Ugarrio, analyst at the Spanish young farmers’ association.＜One of worst droughts in decades devastates South Europe crops より一部引用＞
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-farming-drought/one-of-worst-droughts-in-decades-devastates-south-europe-crops-idUSKBN19Z1XW
2017/10/25
On the same day that global leaders wrapped up an international water and climate summit in Rome, researchers published new findings that suggest European drought trends are lining up with climate change projections.
Their study, published Oct. 25 in Scientific Reports, shows that two major drought indices are deviating from one another across Europe in a manner consistent with climate change simulations.
“This is one more big drop in the bucket toward climate change attribution,” said lead author James Stagge, a post-doc at Utah State University’s Utah Water Research Lab. “There have been a lot of projections, but now that we’re starting to see the projections and observations line up, it’s not a question of’is it happening?’ It’s a question of’how much?’ And’what do we do?'”
The spatial patterns observed by Stagge and his team match climate change projections for Europe that suggest decreases in drought frequency in the north and increases in drought frequency in the south.
“Once you add in the temperature increases for all of Europe, you have all the hallmarks of climate change,” Stagge said.
As temperatures increase across Europe, evapotranspiration – meaning what is leaving the ground and going back into the atmosphere – increases. Stagge explained that although one drought index captures this concept, the other does not.
（中略）
“When you include evapotranspiration, the border from where it’s getting wetter to where it’s getting drier is pushing farther and farther north,” he said. “So it’s not just the Mediterranean that’s getting drier. It’s pushing up into Germany and England. It’s moving everything farther north.”
This increasing deviation in European drought frequency is observed from the 1980s until today. In a stationary climate, Stagge and co-authors say they would expect this difference to be randomly distributed and stable like it was from the 1950s through the 1970s.
“This recent and consistently increasing trend is a clear signal, not random noise,” he added.＜A drier south Europe’s drought trends match climate change projections より一部引用＞
https://phys.org/news/2017-10-drier-south-europe-drought-trends.html
Drought and Agriculture – Predict, Plan and Prepare: Stop Drought Becoming Famine
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2017/06/16 に公開
The devastating and surprising effects of Spain’s drought
euronews （in English）
2017/09/04 に公開
2017/11/25
フランス南部や南欧諸国が歴史的な干ばつに見舞われている。水不足のため、農産物の不作や山火事など幅広い分野で被害が深刻化しているほか、河川から冷却水を調達している一部の原発の運転に支障を来す懸念も浮上。地球温暖化の影響も指摘され、短期間で抜本的な対策を講じるのは難しい。関係者は祈るような思いで冬場の降雨に望みをつなぐ。
地元メディアによると、フランスでは１０月の降雨量が平均水準から７割減となり、１９７１年以来の低水準を記録した。仏南部から地中海に注ぐローヌ川では今秋に水流が通常の４分の１に激減。
（中略）
ワイン用ブドウの収穫量は天候不順の影響で前年から約２割も減り、記録的な不作となった。南東部アルデシュでは名産の栗の収穫量が平年の半分以下に落ち込んだ。
ポルトガルでは今年、相次ぐ山火事のために計１００人超が死亡。スペインのエネルギー大手イベルドローラは、水力の発電量が１～９月に約６割減となったことから電気料金の値上げを余儀なくされた。同国の地理学者ホルヘ・オルシナ氏はＡＦＰ通信の取材に「スペインの気候は亜熱帯のようになりつつある。今後は熱波や洪水などの現象も多発するだろう」と予想した。＜南欧で歴史的干ばつ＝原発冷却水不足の懸念：AFPBB News より一部引用＞
http://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3152979
２０１６年冬にすでに予想されていたとおり、今年の南欧は深刻な旱魃に襲われた。
栽培に水を多く使う作物は軒並み収穫量が減っている。
地球温暖化による異常気象現象で豪雨や旱魃、異常高温や異常低温が世界中で起きており、そろそろ食糧不足の問題が指呼の間に捉えられる段階になってきた。
＜参考＞
Drought in South Africa.New findings.
The End Time News News
2017/10/01 に公開
南アフリカでも旱魃が起きていた。
＜参考＞
Drought & Agriculture
KBS NEWS
2017/07/02 に公開
少ない水で栽培できる作物に切り替えたという韓国の話題。
（中略）
Water has dried up in the ongoing drought and there’s no way of operating water sprinklers. But these beans on this field are growing unaffected. This is because growing beans requires just ten percent of the water that goes into rice farming. This farmer who used to grow rice began to plant beans and potatoes on his paddies since 8 years ago, which boosted his income by 30 percent. He’s very happy with that decision especially having undergone the drought this year.
（中略）
By planting drought-resistant crops such as beans, corn or potatoes on rice paddies, farmers can more effectively cope with smaller precipitation. Also, the amount of water used can be cut in half through the drip-irrigation method instead of using sprinklers. Drip-watering refers to watering that seeps through tiny holes made on hose lines spread on the ground. Drought is forecast to become even worse past the year 2020 which all the more highlights the importance of water saving agricultural techniques.
●以下、過去の事例。
＜参考＞
California’s Central Valley:’More Than Just Farmers on Tractors’ | KQED News
KQED News
2014/08/22 に公開
カリフォルニアでは水不足のため地下水を大量に組み上げている。
Meanwhile, some surrounding communities that rely on that same resource are running out of water to drink.
＜参考＞
Russian Drought Impacting On Farmland and Crops
RealClimateNews
2010/07/14 に公開
欧州で洪水が頻発した２０１０年の夏、ロシア中部は大旱魃に見舞われていた。
追加記事
（２０１７年１２月２４日）